- Aquatic animal
- in the context of animal pathogens, means aquatic animals (for example, finfish or mollusc or crustacean), including mammals (for example, seals or dolphins) which spend their lives in water. This includes live aquatic animals, dead aquatic animal products, germplasm and gametes.
- Animal pathogen
- any pathogen (for example, bacteria, fungi, viruses, prions or parasites) or part thereof (for example, toxin) that causes disease in terrestrial or aquatic animals; including those derived from biotechnology.
- Animal product
- a product that originated from a bird or from any mammal including members of the orders Rodentia, Cetacea, Pinnipedia and Sirenia. This includes cream, eggs, milk, non-fertilized ova and semen.
- Animal by-product
- a by-product that originated from a bird or from any mammal including members of the orders Rodentia, Cetacea, Pinnipedia and Sirenia. This includes blood or any of its components, bones, bristles, feathers, flesh, hair, hides, hoofs, horns, offal, skins and wool and anything containing any of those things.
- Biological safety officer (BSO)
- an individual with the appropriate knowledge who has been delegated the responsibility for the oversight of biosafety and biosecurity practices, including the organization's biosafety program. The role of BSO can be assigned to a qualified individual who performs these duties on a part-time or full-time basis, as determined by the needs of the organization.
- Biosafety manual (BSM)
- refers to a facility-specific manual or collection of documents that describes the core elements of a biosafety program (for example, biosecurity plan, training, personal protective equipment) and the associated Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs) that standardize the safe work practices and procedures for activities with infectious material and toxins in a containment zone, as determined by a local risk assessment.
- Containment Level 2 with containment level 3 operational requirements (CL2 + CL3 Ops)
- a requirement to maintain valid Containment Level 2 (CL2) compliance with the Canadian Biosafety Standard (CBS) while conducting activities following additional specific CL3 operational requirements ("CL3 Ops"). This is an additional condition applied to permits for work with certain imported material, such as non-human primate (NHP) samples or untreated animal products from countries of risk that can potentially carry Risk Group 3 (RG3) and RG4 organisms, to protect laboratory personnel and the environment.
- Country of origin
- refers to the country from which the imported material originated. For an animal, animal product or animal by-product, this refers to where the animal was born or where it lived along with others of their own species for no less than 60 days or where the product or by-product was taken from an animal or derived. For pathogens and other infectious products, the country of origin also refers to the country(ies) in which they were handled or stored in a manner that could allow for the introduction of any animal pathogen or part thereof.
- Emerging animal disease (EAD)
- a new infectious disease resulting from the evolution or change of an existing pathogenic agent, a known infectious disease spreading to a new geographic area or population or a previously unrecognized pathogenic agent or disease diagnosed for the first time and which may have a significant impact on animal health, as determined by the Canadian Food Inspection Agency (CFIA).
- Foreign animal disease (FAD)
- any disease that appears in the World Organisation for Animal Health (WOAH/OIE) listed diseases and that is not widely established in Canada or any other animal disease that is not indigenous to Canada, as determined by the CFIA.
- In vitro
- refers to activities that are performed in a laboratory environment or outside a living animal.
- In vivo
- refers to activities that involve the use of whole living animals.
- Non-human primate (NHP)
- refers to all species of animals under the order Primate that are not members of the genus Homo. The order Primate is generally divided into 3 main groupings: prosimians, monkeys of the New World, and monkeys and apes of the Old World.
- Non-indigenous animal pathogen
- in the context of animal pathogens, non-indigenous refers to foreign animal disease (FAD) and emerging animal disease (EAD) as determined by the CFIA.
- Performance and verification test reports (PVTR)
- refers to the compilation of verification tests and certification that are necessary to demonstrate compliance with the physical containment requirements, in some cases, the operational practice requirements. These activities are to be conducted on an annual basis (that is within 1 year) unless otherwise stated. Requirements by containment level and type are outlined in Chapter 5 of the CBS, in Chapter 6 of the Containment Standards for Facilities Handling Aquatic Animal Pathogens (CSFHAAP), in Chapter 6 of the Containment Standards for Facilities Handling Plant Pests (CSFHPP) and in Chapter 4 of the Foreign Animal Disease Diagnostic Laboratory Containment Standard.
- Risk group (RG)
- internationally accepted term used for the inherent risks of a pathogen that are based on factors such as severity of disease caused, routes of infection, virulence and infectivity; it also takes into account the existence of effective therapies, possibilities for immunization, presence of vectors, quantity of agent and whether the agent is indigenous to Canada, possible effects on other species or possible economic environmental effects. Pathogens are assigned RG1 to RG4, lowest to highest risk respectively.
- Specified risk materials (SRM) and other products that can carry prions
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SRM refers to the skull, brain, trigeminal ganglia, eyes, tonsils, spinal cord and dorsal root ganglia of cattle aged 30 months or older, the distal ileum of cattle of all ages and derivatives of these products. In the context of SRMs, "cattle" refers not only to Bos taurus and B. indicus, but also any animal that is the result of a reproductive cross with a B. taurus or B. indicus animal (for example, bred with bison or yak).
Cattle pose an unknown risk of bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) or Mad Cow Disease because animals can be BSE-positive for years before showing symptoms.
Similar to BSE, brain, spinal cord, tissues, body fluids (faeces, saliva, blood, urine) and their derivatives from deer, elk and moose pose an unknown risk of Chronic Wasting Disease (CWD) while the nervous system, urine, placental and allantoic fluids, lymph nodes and small intestines from sheep and goats pose an unknown risk of Scrapie.
Derivatives can include products like ceramide dihexoside, sphingomyelin, thyroid stimulating hormone, aprotinin, Myelin basic protein, etc.
Due to the unknown risks, animal products and by-products that can carry prions that cause disease (for example, BSE, Scrapie, CWD) in animals are regulated as being pathogenic.
- Terrestrial animal
- animals, including avian and amphibian animals, but excluding invertebrates and aquatic animals.
- Transfer
- moving imported pathogens or products, including anything derived from it to a location other than that specified on the permit. This includes transferring material to another individual not named on the original permit.
- Zoosanitary export certificate (ZEC)
- refers to a certificate issued and endorsed by a central competent veterinary authority and certifying to the importing country's requirements. The certificate must clearly describe the product and specify the country of origin.