To help people with allergies and related disorders make informed choices, prepackaged food labels must identify priority allergens and gluten sources.
On this page
- Priority allergens
- Gluten sources
- Rules for food labels
- Precautionary statements
- Examples of how allergens are labelled
- If you have a food allergy or related disorder
- Articles and videos
Priority allergens
In Canada, the most common allergens in food, otherwise known as the priority allergens, are:
- eggs
- milk
- mustard
- peanuts
- crustaceans and molluscs
- fish
- sesame seeds
- soy
- sulphites
- tree nuts (almonds, Brazil nuts, cashews, hazelnuts, macadamia nuts, pecans, pine nuts, pistachios and walnuts)
- wheat and triticale
Gluten sources
Gluten are proteins found in the grains of certain cereals (and hybrid crops grown from those cereals):
- barley
- oats
- rye
- triticale
- wheat
Rules for food labels
Prepackaged food products that contain priority food allergens and gluten sources must include them in the list of ingredients and/or in a statement that begins with "Contains" on their label. For example, a product with peanuts would include the word "peanuts" in the list of ingredients, or in a statement that reads "Contains peanuts," or both.
Food allergens or gluten sources must be written in commonly used words, such as "egg" and "wheat." For example, if there is flour in the food product, the company would need to include "wheat" in brackets, or include a statement that reads, "Contains wheat."
Precautionary statements
Companies may also include a precautionary statement if there is a possibility that a food allergen or gluten source could be in a food product through cross-contamination. It is recommended that companies identify these possibilities by using "May contain" statements.
Examples of how allergens are labelled
Within the ingredients list
Ingredients: Apples, Pie crust [flour (wheat), shortening, liquid albumen (egg), salt], Sugar, Flour, Lemon juice, Whole milk, Cinnamon.
May contain pecans.
Or
Using a contains statement
Ingredients: Apples, Pie crust [flour, shortening, liquid albumen, salt], Sugar, Flour, Lemon juice, Whole milk, Cinnamon.
Contains: Wheat, Egg, Milk.
May contain pecans.
If you have a food allergy or related disorder
Check the label every time
If you or someone in your family has a food allergy or related disorder, check for allergens or gluten sources on the product label. Companies can sometimes change ingredients, so it's important to check labels each time products are purchased.
If you or someone you know has an allergy that is not one of the priority allergens, you will need to read the list of ingredients carefully and contact the company if you are unsure if it contains a certain ingredient.
Sign up for food recalls
When the Canadian Food Inspection Agency (CFIA) becomes aware of a potential serious hazard associated with a food, such as undeclared allergens, the agency investigates and takes action to protect consumers, which may include a recall of the food product. You can find out about food recalls by:
- checking the recalls and safety alerts
- signing up for email notifications
- following us on Facebook or X
More information
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Video: Pass the mic on celiac disease
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Video: How science is protecting people with allergies
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Video: What's the deal with food recalls?
Learn about food recalls and why it's important to sign up for recall alerts.