All animals - including cats, dogs, birds, reptiles, aquatic animals and exotic species - are protected under the Health of Animals Regulations (Part XII, Transport of Animals). These rules are in place to protect animals from injury, suffering or death during transport by land, air or sea. Failing to follow these rules may result in enforcement actions, which vary depending on the severity of the violation.
Tips to help you make sure your pet has a safe journey
Health check
Before any trip, check if your pet is healthy and fit for the intended journey. Some animals are more vulnerable to stress and transport-related risks. Brachycephalic breeds (like bulldogs, pugs and Persian cats) are more prone to respiratory issues, which may intensify during travel. If you're planning a trip, it's a good idea to consult your veterinarian first.
For air travel or international trips (including to the United States), health certificates or other documentation may be required. Check the specific requirements in advance to avoid delays or refusal at the border.
Travelling by vehicle
Contain your pet during transport: Some pets, such as cats, are often more comfortable in a carrier, which should be securely fastened with a seatbelt. If not transported in a carrier, use a harness attached to a seatbelt or a safety net to prevent the animal from moving freely throughout the vehicle. Do not allow pets to roam freely in the back of pick-up trucks. This is dangerous and can result in escape, injury, exposure to flying debris, adverse weather conditions and toxic fumes.
Monitor the weather: Never leave pets in parked vehicles without ventilation and only for very short periods of time – especially in hot or cold weather. Temperatures in vehicles can quickly rise or fall to levels that could cause your pet to suffer or even die.
Provide food, water and rest: On long trips, make sure your pet has food and water, and a cage liner (or alternative) to absorb soiled material. Make regular stops to check on your pet and, when possible, allow them to rest or get out and walk around.
Choosing the right pet carrier
The carrier must be large enough for your pet to comfortably lay down, turn around and stand in its natural position. The carrier must be in good condition and secure to prevent escape or injury, while still providing enough ventilation. The carrier must be appropriate for the animal (for example, snakes and other reptiles require a different type of carrier than cats or dogs). If unsure, ask your veterinarian for advice on the best carrier for your pet
Travelling by air
In addition to the rules in the Health of Animals Regulations (Part XII – Transport of Animals), most airlines have their own specific rules for transporting animals. Contact the airline well in advance to let them know you will be bringing a pet.
You should also find out if you need to do anything before arriving at the airport, such as purchasing a special pet carrier or obtaining a health certificate from a veterinarian. Some airlines may also refuse to transport certain species, or even specific breeds of dogs and cats.
The International Air Transport Association (IATA) Live Animal Regulations must also be followed, related to the pet carrier used and the number of animals permitted inside
Additional resources
- Bringing animals to Canada: Importing and travelling with pets
- Humane transportation of animals
- Code of practice for the care of domestic cats
- Code of Practice for Canadian Kennel Operations (PDF)
- Transport of Dogs and Cats Position Statement | Canadian Veterinary Medical Association
- IATA - Traveler's Pet Corner
- IATA Live Animals Regulations – Container Requirements for Dogs and Cats (PDF)